economics Paradigm Challenge

Those brutal "stress tests" for big banks actually helped local businesses and families grow way faster.

SSRN · March 18, 2026 · 6429623

Sam Deegan

The Takeaway

Critics often argue that banking regulations act as a 'growth penalty' by restricting the supply of credit to Main Street. However, this study found that by forcing banks to strengthen their balance sheets, these regulations actually made the banking system more stable and effective at supporting local economic growth and business investment.

From the abstract

The most consequential critique of post-crisis stress testing, that supervisory capital constraints   depress credit supply and local growth, is not supported by the data. I evaluate   this growth-penalty hypothesis using U.S. CCAR and a county-level exposure measure   that traces holding-company regulation through subsidiary ownership chains and branch   deposit networks, where cross-county variation is largely predetermined by slow-moving   banking geography rather than local conditions. Local