economics Collision

Dictators don't give people lawyers to help them; they do it to trick everyone into thinking the system actually works.

April 3, 2026

Original Paper

Professional Gatekeepers of Authoritarian Legality: Evidence from China's Legal Aid Hotlines

SSRN · 6448538

AI-generated illustration

The Takeaway

China's state-run legal hotlines will tell callers their rights are valid but then withhold the specific information needed to actually win a case. It is a system designed to look like justice while ensuring the state never actually loses power.

From the abstract

How do authoritarian regimes make law accessible without letting it become politically dangerous? I argue that when states delegate legal aid to frontline lawyers, they separate legal recognition from legal empowerment: citizens may receive courteous, legally framed acknowledgment without the actionable guidance needed to press claims. I test this argument with a nationwide audit experiment of China's state-run legal-aid hotline system based on 3,200 randomized calls across 302 cities. Political