Physics Paradigm Challenge

AI bots just planned and ran their own high-stakes physics experiments without any help from humans.

March 23, 2026

Original Paper

AI Agents Can Already Autonomously Perform Experimental High Energy Physics

Eric A. Moreno, Samuel Bright-Thonney, Andrzej Novak, Dolores Garcia, Philip Harris

arXiv · 2603.20179

The Takeaway

Researchers found that modern AI models can independently manage the entire scientific process—from reading previous research to analyzing complex data from particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider. This marks a shift from AI as a simple processing tool to an autonomous 'colleague' capable of conducting its own high-level scientific discoveries.

From the abstract

Large language model-based AI agents are now able to autonomously execute substantial portions of a high energy physics (HEP) analysis pipeline with minimal expert-curated input. Given access to a HEP dataset, an execution framework, and a corpus of prior experimental literature, we find that Claude Code succeeds in automating all stages of a typical analysis: event selection, background estimation, uncertainty quantification, statistical inference, and paper drafting. We argue that the experime