You no longer have to choose between latency and throughput in distributed databases; this protocol gives you both.
April 15, 2026
Original Paper
Finding Nemo-Nemo: CFT DAG-based Consensus in the WAN
arXiv · 2604.08914
The Takeaway
In wide-area networks (WANs), single-leader systems are fast but have low throughput, while multi-leader systems are resilient but slow. Nemo-Nemo uses a DAG-based structure to allow multiple leaders to propose commands simultaneously without the typical latency penalty. It matches the speed of the fastest single-leader protocols while dramatically increasing the total operations per second. This is a massive breakthrough for global-scale apps that need high availability without sacrificing user responsiveness. It solves one of the oldest trade-offs in distributed systems engineering.
From the abstract
This paper introduces Nemo-Nemo, a practical crash-fault tolerant (CFT) consensus protocol designed to outperform existing protocols in wide-area networks by bridging design principles from the CFT and Byzantine-fault tolerant (BFT) worlds. By structuring command propagation through a causally ordered DAG, Nemo-Nemo allows all consensus replicas to propose commands with a naturally self-regulating communication regime. By exploiting multi-leader architecture, Nemo-Nemo avoids the performance bot