economics Practical Magic

Sweden has started paying drug companies a flat annual 'salary' for antibiotics, no matter how many prescriptions they actually sell.

March 24, 2026

Original Paper

Implementation of a novel reimbursement model for new antibiotics of special medical value

Jenny Hellman, Sofia Linnros, Carl Anderson Kronlid, Sofie Larsson, Tobias Jamtehov, Charlotta Edlund, Anders Ternhag

SSRN · 6434216

The Takeaway

This 'Netflix-style' subscription model solves a major market failure where companies stop making life-saving antibiotics because they aren't profitable enough. By decoupling profit from sales volume, the government ensures a stable supply of drugs that we ideally want to use as little as possible.

From the abstract

Background: New economic models are needed to improve availability of antibiotics, especially in small countries considered unattractive by pharmaceutical companies due to market size. Sweden is one such market, and to increase availability of antibiotics The Public Health Agency of Sweden (PHAS) has piloted a new reimbursement model designed to ensure availability of prioritized antibiotics.Reform content: The new reimbursement model, which targets new antibiotics for difficult to treat gram ne