economics Paradigm Challenge

In China, state-owned companies actually get more scared and play it safer when they borrow from state-owned banks.

March 24, 2026

Original Paper

Common State Ownership, Bank Monitoring and Borrower Risk-Taking in China

Erzhuo Liu, Qing He, Junyi Liu, Tianyu Yao

SSRN · 6461027

The Takeaway

Common wisdom suggests that 'zombie' firms with government ties take reckless risks because they expect bailouts. This study finds the opposite: when the bank and borrower share a government owner, insiders avoid even profitable risks to play it safe, leading to stagnation rather than reckless expansion.

From the abstract

This study examines how common state ownership—where banks and borrowers share the same government owner—and bank monitoring influence borrower risk-taking in China. Using a unique hand-collected dataset of bank loans and ownership structures, we find that common state ownership is significantly associated with reduced borrower risk-taking. This effect is shaped by bank monitoring effectiveness, proxied by loan intensity, the guaranteed loan ratio, and the share of short-term loans. The negative