economics Paradigm Challenge

Whether a woman can get a business loan depends a lot on how 'strict' the social rules are in her country.

March 26, 2026

Original Paper

Tight Culture, Loose Money? The Impact of Cultural Tightness on Women’s Access to Credit

Jeremie Bertrand, Hava Orkut, Caroline Perrin

SSRN · 6467479

The Takeaway

In countries that strictly punish deviation from social order, women are significantly more likely to be discouraged from even applying for credit, regardless of the country's actual laws or wealth. This suggests that financial exclusion is often driven by invisible social pressure rather than formal institutional barriers.

From the abstract

This study examines how cultural tightness–looseness influences women-led firms’ access to credit across countries. Using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys covering firms in 30 countries, we analyze both credit discouragement and credit obtaining. We find that women-led firms in culturally tighter countries are significantly more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit and less likely to obtain credit than those in culturally looser countries. Furthermore, we show that the ef